10 Best Independent Living Communities in Little Richmond, OH

Who are you searching for?

The cost of independent living in Little Richmond is about $2,760 per month. To find the best independent living for your preferences and budget, browse these 252 options.

Read 5030 reviews, see photos, and learn about amenities that make independent living the ideal next step for adults 55+ who wish to enjoy friendships and hobbies without the hassle of cooking and home maintenance. You may also consider nearby communities such as Dayton, Centerville and Springboro.

Little Richmond Independent Living Facilities | 5030 Reviews

Cost of independent living in Little Richmond, OH

The average cost of senior living in Little Richmond is $2,760 per month. Cheaper nearby regions include Beavercreek, OH with an average of $2,142 per month.

Independent living costs in Little Richmond, OH, vs. state and national averages

Little Richmond, OH

$2,760/mo

Ohio state

$3,241/mo

U.S. national average

$3,520/mo

Independent living costs in Little Richmond, OH, vs. other senior living options

Assisted Living

$6,272/mo

Memory Care

$6,512/mo

Independent Living

$2,760/mo

Independent living costs in Little Richmond, OH, by floor plan type

Studio

$2,391/mo

1 Bedroom

$3,090/mo

2 Bedroom

$3,782/mo

Senior living costs in Little Richmond vs. state and national costs

Cost comparison table showing community type costs by location. This table contains 3 rows of data across 4 columns.

Column communityType: Community type

Column destination: Little Richmond, OH

Column state: Ohio

Column national: U.S.

Community type	Little Richmond, OH	Ohio	U.S.
Independent Living	$2,760/mo	$3,241/mo	$3,520/mo
Assisted Living	$6,272/mo	$5,687/mo	$5,830/mo
Memory Care	$6,512/mo	$6,894/mo	$6,999/mo

Independent Living

Little Richmond, OH:$2,760/mo

Ohio:$3,241/mo

U.S.:$3,520/mo

Assisted Living

Little Richmond, OH:$6,272/mo

Ohio:$5,687/mo

U.S.:$5,830/mo

Memory Care

Little Richmond, OH:$6,512/mo

Ohio:$6,894/mo

U.S.:$6,999/mo

Table showing 5 of 3 items. Click to show less.

Independent living costs in Little Richmond, OH, over time

The line graph below shows how monthly independent living costs have shifted over the past five years in Little Richmond and how those changes compare with state and national trends. The figures represent quarterly averages of what seniors actually paid after moving into A Place for Mom partner communities.

Little Richmond, OHOH stateNational

Independent living cost trends in Little Richmond, OH

The table below shows how monthly independent living costs in Little Richmond have changed in the last two years and how those changes compare with state and national trends. The figures represent averages of actual costs paid by seniors who moved into A Place for Mom partner communities in 2023 and 2024.

Cost comparison table showing 2023 and 2024 average costs by location. This table contains 3 rows of data across 4 columns.

Column location: Location

Column cost2024: 2024 average cost

Column cost2023: 2023 average cost

Column percentChange: Percent change

Location	2024 average cost	2023 average cost	Percent change
Little Richmond, OH	$2,444/mo	$2,776/mo	-12.0%
Ohio	$2,966/mo	$3,007/mo	-1.4%
National	$3,416/mo	$3,319/mo	+2.9%

Little Richmond, OH

2024 average cost:$2,444/mo

2023 average cost:$2,776/mo

Percent change:-12.0%

Ohio

2024 average cost:$2,966/mo

2023 average cost:$3,007/mo

Percent change:-1.4%

National

2024 average cost:$3,416/mo

2023 average cost:$3,319/mo

Percent change:+2.9%

Table showing 5 of 3 items. Click to show less.

Discover the many ways to pay for senior living

Planning ahead can better position you to make good choices for your loved one’s care in the future. But if your aging family member needs care now, there are ways to finance the cost of long-term care through a combination of approaches.

Your Guide to Paying for Care

Plan for and know your options for how to cover long-term care expenses.

Your Guide to VA Benefits

The VA provides two veterans benefits that can be used to offset the costs of long-term care.

Medicare and Medicaid

Understand the difference between these two public pay options, and what they cover.

What families are saying about independent living in Little Richmond

Recent reviews for independent living in Little Richmond

Eastgate Village in Cincinnati, OH

5.0

We are happy that our mom feels safe, comfortable, and she absolutely loves the facility and staff, thank you Eastgate Village for the peace of mind she has and our family, too!!! We have nothing goos to say about Eastgate Village and would recommend them to anyone facing a similar situation ...

Trinity at Fairborn

5.0

We moved my loved one here after a negative experience at another memory care community, and they've been better in every way. It is a much more secure facility, and the staff are doing a much better job handling his wandering issues.

Traditions of Beavercreek

4.6

I live in a garden house - very spacious. Many activities & trips.

Little Richmond independent living services and amenities

These charts highlight some of the many care, dining, and entertainment offerings available in Little Richmond independent living communities. They don’t represent all possible services and amenities available at assisted living communities in Little Richmond, but support comparisons against nationwide offerings. Our Senior Living Advisors can help you find communities that fit your preferences.

Availability of select dietary accommodations in Little Richmond independent living

Independent living communities help seniors maintain a balanced diet by accommodating their health needs, allergies, and other restrictions. Below you’ll find the percentage of Little Richmond partners making specific dietary accommodations for seniors compared to the percentage of assisted living partners making those accommodations nationally.

Little Richmond, OHNational

Nutritionist / dietician

37.7%

21.2%

Low / no sodium

38.9%

35.7%

No sugar

33.3%

32%

Vegetarian

36.5%

34.8%

Pureed meals

20.2%

11.7%

0.0%20.0%40.0%60.0%80.0%100%

Availability of select dining options in Little Richmond independent living

Our independent living communities know that seniors want top-quality meals and options for how they dine. The chart below indicates the percentage of Little Richmond communities that offer dining options to their discerning residents compared to our partners nationally.

Little Richmond, OHNational

Professional chef

34.1%

37.6%

Restaurant style dining

46%

44.8%

Room service

38.9%

38.2%

Anytime dining

21%

17.8%

0.0%20.0%40.0%60.0%80.0%100%

Availability of select programs and activities in Little Richmond independent living

Senior living communities offer a variety of programming to keep seniors socially, mentally, and physically vibrant. The chart below shows what percentage of partnered independent living communities in Little Richmond offer the selected activities, amenities, and programs compared to the percentage of partners nationwide.

Little Richmond, OHNational

Activity director

49.6%

46.5%

Pet-focused programs

30.2%

29.3%

Community service programs

30.2%

34.2%

Devotional activities on-site

49.6%

48.3%

Parties / BBQs / happy hour

53.2%

50.1%

Outings / off-site activities

58.7%

54.9%

Piano or organ

42.9%

44.2%

Arts and crafts center

37.3%

39.7%

Educational speakers / life long learning

41.7%

43%

Clubs / games / karaoke

50.4%

48.3%

Live performances

50.4%

48.1%

Dances

31.3%

34.3%

Fitness center

39.3%

40.8%

Fitness classes

49.2%

47.6%

0.0%20.0%40.0%60.0%80.0%100%

Frequently Asked Questions

Trustwell Living at Oakley Place, StoryPoint West Milton and Deerfield Springs Retirement Resort are the top-rated independent living facilities near Little Richmond, Ohio. See full list of communities.

There are 252 independent living facilities near Little Richmond, Ohio. See the full list.

The best independent living facilities near you in Little Richmond, Ohio are Deerfield Springs Retirement Resort, 10 Wilmington Place and Danbury Huber Heights. These independent living communities received the highest rankings based on verified family reviews.

More questions?

Ask an A Place for Mom local advisor at no cost.

The information contained on this page is for informational purposes only and is not intended to constitute medical, legal or financial advice or create a professional relationship between A Place for Mom and the reader. Always seek the advice of your health care provider, attorney or financial advisor with respect to any particular matter, and do not act or refrain from acting on the basis of anything you have read on this site. Links to third-party websites are only for the convenience of the reader; A Place for Mom does not endorse the contents of the third-party sites.

https://hydra.prod.aplaceformom.com/graphql

2devne7t7k73

J7PEVho1wGm72cc3oBCuh78lk22e3qNf

/image/web-lighthouse/prod/Best-Of-2026-small-badge.png?t=default

desktop

independent-living

Little Richmond

little-richmond

Ohio

ohio

Cities

448.9351

DestinationHeader

Destination Page

SEO

true

false

true

141549

45504

false

66190

45502

false

85633

47390

false

199038

7962

normal

45345

false

true

Montgomery County

-84.44440000000009,39.7742

2026

DESTINATION_PAGE

universalSearch.0ff6e5d8133d1509d052.js

INDEPENDENT_LIVING

{"city":[2534,2828,2935,3200,3007,2928,2414,2753,2498,2352,2568,2356,2812,3054,2475,2662,3325],"state":[2890,3047,2745,3181,3161,2938,2844,3086,2913,3020,3021,2910,3123,3358,3064,3102,3457],"national":[3094,3123,3158,3185,3325,3303,3292,3354,3402,3388,3454,3420,3528,3558,3431,3497,3596],"years":[2022,2022.25,2022.5,2022.75,2023,2023.25,2023.5,2023.75,2024,2024.25,2024.5,2024.75,2025,2025.25,2025.5,2025.75,2026]}

destinationBelowTheFold.0850142b8d1dca8d471f.js

false

“A Place for Mom is invaluable and I am indebted to their service – and Carolin in particular for what she did to help me and my family during a very difficult time.”

- Saminda Wijegunawardena

invaluable indebted difficult time

{"wpSlug":"destination-page-inline","form":{"analytics":{"formId":"top-lead-form-challenger","formType":"long","moduleId":"Destination Page Top Lead Form Challenger v1.0","sourceId":38,"subSourceId":6257,"channel2":"SEO","pageType":"Destination Page","formVersionId":1,"formVersionDate":"12/18/2024","lastBulkUpdateTime":1758223062,"ranDisclaimerUpdates":true},"canonicalUrl":"Destination Page | A Place For Mom","commonData":{"thankYouShort":{"title":"Thanks, {{firstName}}","titleHtml":"One of our expert Senior Living Advisors will be reaching out to support your search.","paragraphs":["Your personalized listings are below."],"image":"/image/web-lighthouse/prod/SLA-IN-17991.jpg","searchLinkText":"See my listings","searchLinkUrl":"#top-of-community-list"},"thankYou":{"titleHtml":"Thanks, {{firstName}}Based on your selections we recommend you speak with a Senior Living Advisor ","image":"/image/web-lighthouse/prod/progressive-v1-thankyou.jpg","listSection":{"list":["We will reach out as soon as possible during normal business hours below","Need to talk to someone right away? Call us at {{apfmPhoneNumber}}","Our service is 100% free of charge to you and your family as we are paid by the communities in our network"]},"searchLinkText":"Show me listings near {{city}}"},"formBlock":{"disclaimer":"By sharing your contact information, you agree to our <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"/terms-of-use\">Terms of Use</a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"/privacy\">Privacy Policy</a>. You also consent to receive texts and calls from us and our community customers, including telemarketing and/or advertising, even if your number is on a Do Not Call list. Outreach may be during quiet hours under all applicable laws, auto-dialed, or may use pre-recorded or artificial voice. Your consent is not a condition to using our service. Msg and Data Rates may apply. Msg frequency varies. Text HELP for Help. Text STOP for Stop."},"thankYouAddOn":{"image":"/image/web-lighthouse/prod/ty-sla.jpg","title":"Hi, {{firstName}}","paragraph":"Thanks for contacting us; We are calling you now to understand your situation better","countdownText":"Our call will arrive within: 00:10","avatarText":"Get insight from a local","quote":"“I love having the knowledge to empower and educate families, so they are confident in their long term care decisions.” - Keri, Senior Living Advisor","searchLinkText":"Show me my listings"},"formBlockBP":{"disclaimer":"By sharing your contact information, you agree to our <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"/terms-of-use\">Terms of Use</a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"/privacy\">Privacy Policy</a>. You also consent to receive texts and calls from us and our community customers, including telemarketing and/or advertising, even if your number is on a Do Not Call list. Outreach may be during quiet hours under all applicable laws, auto-dialed, or may use pre-recorded or artificial voice. Your consent is not a condition to using our service. Msg and Data Rates may apply. Msg frequency varies. Text HELP for Help. Text STOP for Stop."}},"description":"Destination Page | A Place For Mom","dynamicHeadlines":{"locationCurrentlyLivingQuestion":{"headline":{"MOTHER":"Where is Mom living?","FATHER":"Where is Dad living?","SELF":"Where are you living?","SPOUSE":"Where is your spouse living?","OTHER_RELATIVE":"Where is this person living?"}},"wheelchairPropelQuestion":{"headline":{"MOTHER":"Can Mom propel her wheelchair on her own?","FATHER":"Can Dad propel his wheelchair on his own?","SELF":"Can you propel your wheelchair on your own?","SPOUSE":"Can your spouse propel their wheelchair on their own?","OTHER_RELATIVE":"Can this person propel their wheelchair on their own?"}},"wheelchairTransferQuestion":{"headline":{"MOTHER":"Can Mom transfer from her wheelchair to a bed or couch on her own?","FATHER":"Can Dad transfer from his wheelchair to a bed or couch on his own?","SELF":"Can you transfer from your wheelchair to a bed or couch on your own?","SPOUSE":"Can your spouse transfer from their wheelchair to a bed or couch on their own?","OTHER_RELATIVE":"Can this person transfer from their wheelchair to a bed or couch on their own?"}},"assistanceQuestion":{"headline":{"MOTHER":"Does Mom need help with the following?","FATHER":"Does Dad need help with the following?","SELF":"Do you need help with the following?","SPOUSE":"Does your spouse need help with the following?","OTHER_RELATIVE":"Does this person need help with the following?"}},"behaviorsExperiencedQuestion":{"headline":{"MOTHER":"Has Mom experienced any of the following behaviors related to memory loss?","FATHER":"Has Dad experienced any of the following behaviors related to memory loss?","SELF":"Have you experienced any of the following behaviors related to memory loss?","SPOUSE":"Has your spouse experienced any of the following behaviors related to memory loss?","OTHER_RELATIVE":"Has this person experienced any of the following behaviors related to memory loss?"}},"financialResourcesQuestion":{"headline":{"MOTHER":"How does Mom plan to pay for senior living?","FATHER":"How does Dad plan to pay for senior living?","SELF":"How do you plan to pay for senior living?","SPOUSE":"How does your spouse plan to pay for senior living?","OTHER_RELATIVE":"How do you or this person plan to pay for senior living?"}},"veteranQuestion":{"headline":{"MOTHER":"Is Mom or her spouse a wartime Veteran?","FATHER":"Is Dad or his spouse a wartime Veteran?","SELF":"Are you or your spouse a wartime Veteran?","SPOUSE":"Are you or your spouse a wartime Veteran?","OTHER_RELATIVE":"Is this person or their spouse a wartime Veteran?"}},"resident1AgeQuestion":{"headline":{"MOTHER":"How old is Mom?","FATHER":"How old is Dad?","SELF":"How old are you?","SPOUSE":"How old is your spouse?","OTHER_RELATIVE":"How old is this person?"}},"getAroundQuestion":{"headline":{"MOTHER":"How is Mom getting around?","FATHER":"How is Dad getting around?","SELF":"How are you getting around?","SPOUSE":"How is your spouse getting around?","OTHER_RELATIVE":"How is this person getting around?"}},"resident1NameQuestion":{"headline":{"MOTHER":"What is Mom’s name?","FATHER":"What is Dad’s name?","SPOUSE":"What is your spouse’s name?","OTHER_RELATIVE":"What is this person’s name?"},"inputPlaceholders":{"resident1FirstName":{"MOTHER":"Mom's first name","FATHER":"Dad's first name","SPOUSE":"Spouse's first name","OTHER_RELATIVE":"Person's first name"},"resident1LastName":{"MOTHER":"Mom's last name","FATHER":"Dad's last name","SPOUSE":"Spouse's last name","OTHER_RELATIVE":"Person's last name"}},"list":{"MOTHER":["We won’t contact your mother"],"FATHER":["We won’t contact your father"],"SPOUSE":["We won’t contact your spouse"],"OTHER_RELATIVE":["We won’t contact this person"]},"tip":{"MOTHER":"We need Mom’s name for our records. We will not contact your Mom.","FATHER":"We need Dad's name for our records. We will not contact your Dad.","SPOUSE":"We need your spouse's name for our records. We will not contact your spouse.","OTHER_RELATIVE":"We need this person's name for our records. We will not contact this person."}},"resident1AmenitiesQuestion":{"headline":{"MOTHER":"What would Mom like in a community?","FATHER":"What would Dad like in a community?","SELF":"What would you like in a community?","SPOUSE":"What would your spouse like in a community?","OTHER_RELATIVE":"What would this person like in a community?"}},"notesQuestion":{"headline":{"MOTHER":"What else is important to Mom? (optional)","FATHER":"What else is important to Dad? (optional)","SELF":"What else is important to you? (optional)","SPOUSE":"What else is important to your spouse? (optional)","OTHER_RELATIVE":"What else is important to this person? (optional)"}}},"phases":[{"name":"Phase One","key":"phase_1","theme":"SEOProg","plugins":[{"name":"locationInquiryFields","on":"relationToResidentQuestion","pluginData":{}},{"name":"leadFormCompleted","on":"relationToResidentQuestion","pluginData":{"tyStepName":"thankYou"}},{"name":"getNextPhaseData","on":"moveDateRangeQuestion","pluginData":{"cmsSlug":"destination-page-inline","phaseToLoad":"phase_2","shouldBeCalledOnce":true}},{"name":"getNextPhaseData","on":"lookingReasonQuestion","pluginData":{"cmsSlug":"inline-add-on-v2","phaseToLoad":"phase_3","shouldLoadCss":true,"shouldBeCalledOnce":true}}],"steps":[{"figmaStep":"null","name":"relationToResidentQuestion","qualtricsName":"relationToResidentQuestion","component":"SelectSingleColTwoDestinationSlimFirstStep","controller":"SelectSingleController","progressBarType":"default","on":{"ANY_VALUE":"moveDateRangeQuestion"},"componentData":{"header":"Answer a few questions to get personalized results","title":"Who are you searching for?","options":[{"inquiryField":["relationToResident","relationshipToResidentDetail"],"label":"Spouse","value":["SPOUSE","SPOUSE"]},{"inquiryField":["relationToResident","relationshipToResidentDetail"],"label":"Myself","value":["SELF","SELF"]},{"inquiryField":["relationToResident","relationshipToResidentDetail"],"label":"Mom","value":["MOTHER","MOTHER"]},{"inquiryField":["relationToResident","relationshipToResidentDetail"],"label":"Dad","value":["FATHER","FATHER"]},{"inquiryField":["relationToResident","relationshipToResidentDetail"],"label":"Someone else","value":["OTHER_RELATIVE","OTHER_RELATIVE"]}],"hideProgressBar":true,"hideBackButton":true,"saveToStorage":true},"analytics":{"headerText":"{{title}}","questionType":"Who","formStepType":"question","question":"{{title}}"}},{"figmaStep":"null","name":"moveDateRangeQuestion","qualtricsName":"moveDateRangeQuestion","component":"SelectSingleColTwoDestinationSlimStep","controller":"SelectSingleController","progressBarType":"default","on":{"_0_DAYS":"lookingReasonQuestion","_30_DAYS":"lookingReasonQuestion","_60_DAYS":"lookingReasonQuestion","MORE_THAN_90":"lookingReasonQuestion"},"componentData":{"title":"How quickly do you need to find an option?","options":[{"inquiryField":["moveDateRange"],"label":"ASAP","value":["_0_DAYS"]},{"inquiryField":["moveDateRange"],"label":"Within 30 days","value":["_30_DAYS"]},{"inquiryField":["moveDateRange"],"label":"Within 60 days","value":["_60_DAYS"]},{"inquiryField":["moveDateRange"],"label":"No rush","value":["MORE_THAN_90"]}],"saveToStorage":true},"analytics":{"headerText":"{{title}}","questionType":"Urgency","formStepType":"question","question":"{{title}}"}},{"figmaStep":"null","name":"lookingReasonQuestion","qualtricsName":"lookingReasonQuestion","component":"SelectSingleColTwoDestinationSlimStep","controller":"SelectSingleController","progressBarType":"default","on":{"DISCHARGE_HOSPITAL_REHAB":"budgetQuestion","OTHER":"budgetQuestion"},"componentData":{"title":"Is dementia or a hospital/rehab stay prompting your search?","options":[{"inquiryField":["lookingReason"],"label":"Yes","value":["DISCHARGE_HOSPITAL_REHAB"]},{"inquiryField":["lookingReason"],"label":"No","value":["OTHER"]}],"saveToStorage":true},"analytics":{"headerText":"{{title}}","questionType":"Reason","formStepType":"question","question":"{{title}}"}},{"figmaStep":"null","name":"budgetQuestion","qualtricsName":"budgetQuestion","component":"SelectSingleColTwoDestinationSlimStep","controller":"SelectSingleController","progressBarType":"default","on":{"ANY_VALUE":"formBlock"},"componentData":{"title":"Would you estimate the monthly budget above or below $1,500?","options":[{"inquiryField":["budgetMin","budgetMax"],"label":"Above","value":["2001","2000"]},{"inquiryField":["budgetMin","budgetMax"],"label":"Below","value":["1","1999"]}],"saveToStorage":true},"analytics":{"headerText":"{{title}}","questionType":"Budget Qualifier","formStepType":"question","question":"{{title}}","buttonText":"{{buttonAction.label}}"}},{"figmaStep":null,"name":"thankYou","qualtricsName":"thankYou","component":"ThankYouShort","controller":"ThankYouShortController","componentData":{"showBusinessHours":false,"keepStepVisible":true,"hideProgressBar":true},"analytics":{"headerText":"{{title}}","questionType":"Off-ramp inquiry response error","formStepType":"4 text fields","question":"{{title}}","buttonText":"{{buttonAction.label}}"}}]}],"progress":{"relationToResidentQuestion":0,"moveDateRangeQuestion":50,"lookingReasonQuestion":75,"budgetQuestion":100,"formBlock":null,"thankYouInquiryResponseError":null,"startPhase3":56.52,"offRampTalkToAnAdvisor":8.7,"locationInputQuestion":13.04,"locationCurrentlyLivingQuestion":17.39,"resident1AmenitiesQuestion":21.74,"notesQuestion":26.09,"resident1AgeQuestion":30.43,"resident1NameQuestion":34.78,"getAroundQuestion":39.13,"assistanceQuestion":43.48,"behaviorsExperiencedQuestion":47.83,"eligibilityBreakTwo":52.17,"thankYouOffRampNoResidentName":null,"thankYouOfframpNoCommunities":null,"thankYouOffRampTimerExpired":null,"tempStateFastCarAnswers":null,"secondFinancialResourcesQuestion":60.87,"veteranQuestion":65.22,"budgetRangeQuestion":69.57,"thankYouBudgetRangeQuestionOfframp":null,"eligibilityBreakThree":73.91,"thankYouEligibilityThreeOffRamp":null,"startPhase4":78.26,"is2fAuthOptInQuestion":82.61,"emailConfirmation":82.61,"twoFactorAuthEmailCodeQuestion":86.96,"twoFactorAuthEmailCodeWithoutBackButtonQuestion":86.96,"twoFactorAuthPhoneCodeQuestion":86.96,"thankYouOfframpNoCode":null,"stateDisclosure":91.3,"viewResults":95.65,"thankYouInquiryUpdateOnOffRampSpeakToAnAdvisorFirst":null,"eligibilityBreakFour":100,"communities":null},"title":"Destination Page | A Place For Mom"}}

webLeadsInlineAddOn.f73ab2e84d04118a0b9a.css

10 Best Independent Living Communities in Little Richmond, OH

Little Richmond Independent Living Facilities | 5030 Reviews

Our free advisors can help

Cost of independent living in Little Richmond, OH

Independent living costs in Little Richmond, OH, vs. state and national averages

Independent living costs in Little Richmond, OH, vs. other senior living options

Independent living costs in Little Richmond, OH, by floor plan type

Senior living costs in Little Richmond vs. state and national costs

Independent living costs in Little Richmond, OH, over time

Independent living cost trends in Little Richmond, OH

Discover the many ways to pay for senior living

What families are saying about independent living in Little Richmond

Recent reviews for independent living in Little Richmond

Little Richmond independent living services and amenities

Availability of select dietary accommodations in Little Richmond independent living

Availability of select dining options in Little Richmond independent living

Availability of select programs and activities in Little Richmond independent living

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the top-rated independent living facilities near Little Richmond, Ohio?

How many independent living facilities are there near Little Richmond, Ohio?

What are the best independent living facilities in Little Richmond, Ohio?

More questions?